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J Wrist Surg
DOI: 10.1055/a-2723-8899
Scientific Article

Short-Term Outcomes of Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Excision: Is What We Are Doing Working?

Authors

  • Laima Bandzaite    ‡

    1   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

  • Lisa Hoogendam   ‡

    2   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    3   Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    4   Xpert Handtherapy, Utrecht, The Netherlands

  • Martina Greminger

    1   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

  • Jaimy E. Koopman

    2   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    3   Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

  • Yara E. V. Kooij

    2   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    3   Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    4   Xpert Handtherapy, Utrecht, The Netherlands

  • Jeroen Smit

    5   Department for Handsurgery, Xpert Clinics Hand and Wrist Center, The Netherlands

  • Ruud W. Selles

    2   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    3   Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

  • Harm P. Slijper

    2   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    4   Xpert Handtherapy, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • the Supexor Group, the Hand-Wrist Study Group,

  • Maurizio Calcagni

    1   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Funding Information None.
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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to describe patient-reported pain and hand appearance 3 months following dorsal wrist ganglion excision. The secondary aims were to evaluate return to work (RTW), satisfaction with treatment, recurrence, and complications.

Materials and Methods

We included 1,000 patients who had a dorsal wrist ganglion excision in a specialized center for hand and wrist disorders and completed the relevant questionnaires preoperatively. Six hundred and fifty-nine patients who also completed all relevant questionnaires 3 months postoperatively were included for the primary analysis. Data on complications and recurrence were available from patients' records for all 1,000 patients and were scored following the International Consortium of Healthcare Outcomes Complications in Hand and Wrist (ICHAW) conditions tool.

Results

Most patients (63%) experienced clinically relevant improvement in pain following dorsal wrist ganglion excision. Hand appearance improved, and 87% of the patients rated their satisfaction with treatment results as fair to excellent. Median time to RTW was 3 weeks. Any deviation from expected recovery according to the ICHAW definition was noted for 111 patients (11%), with most being minor adverse protocol deviations. Nine patients (9/111, 8%; 9/1,000, 0.9%) experienced a Grade 3 complication (e.g., complex regional pain syndrome or condition requiring additional surgery). During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 104 patients (10.4%) had a recurrence of the dorsal wrist ganglion.

Conclusion

This study found that open excision of dorsal wrist ganglia leads to clinically relevant pain reduction and good satisfaction in most cases. However, there was a relatively high variability in outcomes. Complication and recurrence rates were comparable to other studies and remained fairly high. It is important to consider and elaborate this to patients preoperatively to address their expectations and make an informed, consensual decision regarding the treatment.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic, Level II.

Keywords

ganglion cysts - wrist - dorsal - open ganglion excision - patient-reported outcome measures - short-term outcomes

‡ These authors contributed equally to this article.


‡‡ The Supexor Group members: Inga S. Besmens, MD, Vera Beckmann-Fries, Myrna Gunning, Mathias Haefeli, MD, Viviane Nietlispach, MD, Roman Susdorf; Hand-Wrist Study Group members: Lisa Hoogendam, Jaimy Koopman, Ruud Selles, Harm Slijper.


‡‡‡ Hand-Wrist Study Group members: RAM Blomme, BJR Sluijter, DJJC van der Avoort, GJ Halbesma, A Kroeze, J Smit, J Debeij, ET Walbeehm, GM van Couwelaar, GM Vermeulen, JP de Schipper, JFM Temming, JH van Uchelen, HL de Boer, KP de Haas, K Harmsen, OT Zöphel, R Feitz, JS Souer, R Koch, SER Hovius, TM Moojen, X Smit, R Hagen, R van Huis, PY Pennehouat, K Schoneveld, YE van Kooij, RM Wouters, J Veltkamp, A Fink, L Esteban Lopez, WA de Ridder, NL Loos, R Poelstra, MJW van der Oest, JS Teunissen, J Dekker, MHP ter Stege, L Sikking, JM Zuidam, CA van Nieuwenhoven, CA Hundepool, BEPA van der Heijden, JW Colaris, WR Bijlsma.


Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 13 August 2025

Accepted: 14 October 2025

Article published online:
07 November 2025

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